Posts Tagged ‘collective efficacy’
Suspicious of poetry
As a young psychologist, I bought into the notion that psychology must tell us something that is not common sense. Many leading psychologists still think this way. I don’t think it is right. The profession is setting itself apart from the world, above the world, beyond the world. It is now other worldly.
We should be more like management scientists. You know those tough guys who schedule the plans and manage the electricity grid so an airport never has more planes and people than it can cope with and the national grid doesn’t fall over when we all make supper at the same time?
Hard core scientists don’t set themselves up against common sense. They support common sense. Maybe they also read poetry.
Bridging the divide between poetry and management
That being said, maybe we need some prose to help people take the first steps. Writing coach, Joanna Young, tweeted this Lao Tzu quote today.
Kindness in words creates confidence.
Kindness in thinking creates profoundness.
Kindness in giving creates love.
The core of contemporary management thinking
Sounds soppy, but these words from 1500 years ago are the core of modern management thinking.
Kindness in words creates belonging and the possibility of collective efficacy.
Kindness in thinking leads to creativity and strategic clarity and hence provides the bedrock of common action.
Kindness in giving creates the common ties that allow resilience and flexibility.
Some time on Google Scholar and you will drown in academic references.
Leadership, management, human resource management
Leadership: who are we journeying with and why are they essential to our journey?
Management: which way are we going and what can each of us do to help?
Human Resource Management: who feels secure with us and will be with us tomorrow?
Pull people together? No? Is the problem that you don’t believe in you?
Posted November 12, 2009
on:Down-to-earth expressions
I heard the expression “pull people together” today for the first time in a long time. General Colin Powell used it ~ and he is a very down-to-earth man.
Down-to-earth actions
But how many of us have any ability to “pull people together”? When was the last time that you “pulled a group together”?
- What happened?
- What needed to be done?
- How did you focus their attention?
- Why did they listen to you?
- Why did they trust you?
- How did you know they were listening and would continue to listen?
- How did you thank them?
Why don’t you take the lead more often?
Is it because you don’t feel the group is together?
And if so, why don’t you pull them together?
Don’t you believe in them?
And if you don’t, why are you still part of this group?
Or is the problem, you don’t believe in you?
Despair
When you no longer believe in you, that is called despair. You want to do something about that. Really. Start doing small things. Little things. Start listing what you love to do. Start listing all the things in the day you would like to repeat. Run some little, little, experiments.
Despair is amenable to repair, but you have to begin, and you have to begin small.
The day I crossed the Rubicon to adulthood
It was a hot, in October. The rainy season was approaching but had not yet arrived. A fan was going full tilt in my office. Behind me, my windows were shut. Below my window, our lorries belched diesel fumes as they queued to exit the factory gate and take flour and maize meal for hundreds of miles around.
My phone rang and in the brisk and formal business culture of Zimbabwe, I answered it promptly: “Jo Jordan. Good afternoon.”
My caller came from outside the company. We had been at university together. And she had a lot to say about the local psychological association. I agreed. And said so.
Then I drew myself to a halt. I was the Secretary of the Association and had been for 3 months. If there was anything that needed to be done, it was my job to get it done.
And hence, I crossed an important Rubicon. I was no longer teenager/student/young adult . I was a citizen fully responsible for the way we ran our affairs.
When did you make the transition from adolescent to adulthood?
Some people never make that transition. Forever, everything is someone else’s responsibility.
Today, something in my feed caught my eye and jolted my memory of when I grew up on a stifling hot and dusty day when we were waiting for the rain and for the new agricultural season to begin. The story was about the general loss of respect for employers in the wake of the banking crisis.
Employment is not a private activity
A feature of employment law is that the manager, representing the owner, knows best. It is an absurd assumption but some people insist upon it. When we do, we take on a mantle of responsibility, not just to the owners, but to people on whom we imposed our judgement. And to deliver, we have to manage events not just inside the company but outside too.
We cannot manage the rains, perhaps. But we are responsible for responding adequately to the weather, whatever it brings.
Our outrage at the bank failures and MP expenses
The reason why the bank failures and the MP scandals have shocked us so is not the professional errors themselves. Few people understand exactly what happened in the banks or the mysterious absence of accountants and auditors in the Houses of Parliament.
But we do understand that both groups claimed status that put their judgement above ours. And they weren’t able to deliver on their promises they made when they arrogated status about ours.
We are hearing arguments from bankers and MPs that the privileges of office must be sufficiently high to warrant the responsibility they carry. So they do understand what they promised! But their arguments are back to front, of course. First, they need to show they can carry out even the basic responsibilities of public office before we worry about awarding privileges!
All public office, being a prefect at school, being secretary of the sport club, and for that matter, being a director of a private company carries the same basic responsibilities.
Implicitly, we promise to
- Speak up when something is blatantly wrong
- Live up to the procedures of contract and documentation that our culture has worked out over the centuries
- Understand where the world is going and make adequate provision for the range of events that might occur
- Show uncompromising loyalty to the people we represent and presume to order about
- Represent the whole team without whining and making excuses
There is a big difference between nitpicking and exercising our office responsibly
You may feel my argument is completely wrong
It may be that you see no connection between the behaviours I listed and things going right or wrong. If you don’t, I’d be happy to see a rebuttal but experience tells me that you will not advance a logical argument. You may argue that no one will notice any way. You will probably just dismiss me with contempt.
You may dislike nitpicking implied by rules
You may also have an inherent distrust of nitpicking. Exercising judgement and compassion, I would argue, is different. People who exercise judgement and compassion don’t hide behind rules. They judge the situation and manage it so that we achieve the outcome we want and help the person we assisted grow into a leader themselves – responsible, thoughtful, effective, loyal and with good moral & practical judgment.
You may feel you have no responsibility to anyone but yourself
It is also possible you see your job about looking after you and your own rather than every one around you and beyond. You are likely to have made up your mind on this point quite early in roles that you held at school, college and university. Early on, you will have decided how you would execute collective responsibilities. Is the group there for you, or you for it? Did you speak up when things were plain wrong. Or did you allow rubbish to accumulate thinking you would be out of the picture before the results became evident.
All that is necessary for evil to triumph is for good men to do nothing
You will know your own opinion, of that I am sure, and you might tell me here.
But it is likely that I have divided opinion. One group will dismiss me with contempt and pity.
They other would like to know more about acting responsibly and would like to work in environments where responsibility is more highly valued.
Is it too much to agree with Edmund Burke that we all allowed the system to drift into such disarray?
Where are doing exactly the same thing – keeping our heads-down because we believe so little in the people around us that we don’t believe they will listen or care? Where are we speaking up contentiously and carping and whining rather than engaging on matters that we are responsible for?
Should we begin by ticking off parts of the system that work well and doing more of them?
Find a quiet place where you have a moment to enter your imagination and notice your own reactions. Then read this slowly.
What happens when we connect, strength with strength, and hope with hope?
Close your eyes, or if that is not possible where you are, look upwards to the ceiling and concentrate. What happens when we connect strength with strength and hope with hope?
We know what happens. We’ve always known. But in a flash, our minds push aside what brought a fleeting smile. To bring it back, we must reread the question, and holding the happiness bursting from our chests, ask why: why can’t we keep it?
It is not a secret. We do know why. We fear our imagination cannot take wing in the maelstrom of the strengths and hopes. Impossible, we say, and we abandon our fleeting happiness with not even a good-bye.
Read the question again. What happens when we connect strength with strength and hope with hope?
Enough you say. No. Not enough. Read the question again, and this time connect strength with strength and hope with hope. Connect with strengths and hopes in the maelstrom.
Watch the confusion simplify. And connect again. And again.
And know that it is possible to do what we know happens when we connect strengths with strength and hope with hope.
In the maelstrom, there are many hopes and strengths yearning for you to invite them in.
I am 99% persuaded by positive psychology, largely because I thought like a positive psychologist long before it was invented. I never took to clinical psychology so I had nothing to discard, so to speak.
But it is the darker side of life where I think positive psychology has its limits. Maybe the typical positive psychologist does not feel that because they have the skills to deal with people who are deeply unhappy.
My reservations come at many levels. As a practitioner, though, I want to know what to do when we are in a dark place.
What does it mean to be resilient when times are terrible? What are the critical processes that we are trying to leverage?
If I succeed at exercising leadership when times are miserable, if I show resilience and help others to be resilient, what might these processes be?
Here are 5 processes underlying resilience
I would be interested in your thoughts.
Active listening
The key to listening to angry people, among which I include people who are deeply insulted, humiliated, frightened, defeated and generally gibbering wrecks, is to acknowledge their emotion. We don’t have to agree with their emotion. We don’t have to copy their emotion. We don’t have to make any comment about the circumstances.
We simply have to acknowledge the emotion, and show, through our acknowledgement, that we still respect the person, in spite their emotional display, and in spite the circumstances that led to these humiliating circumstances.
Generally, that leads to slight embarrassment on their part but that is a much more comfortable emotion than the anger and hurt.
Developing a group
We are often angry and humiliated when we have lost status and losing status usually means losing status in a group or being ejected from a group. Referring to a group to which we are both a part helps restore status.
Additionally, when people have been humiliated in front of their nearest and dearest, particularly the partners, children and parents, we should restore their status in their eyes too.
Identify small actions
Anger comes from loss of status and be implication, loss of control. When we look for small things we can do now, and we do them, we feel better.
Be grateful ourselves for having the opportunity to help
While we are doing all three above, we are active. We take the initiative. We are in control. We belong.
Be grateful, and allow our gratitude to show to the other person. They will be grateful in turn.
Gratitude is a great mood-lifter.
Enjoy the results
As the other person lifts from utter dejection to a willingness to try, enjoy. And be grateful again. That way we share the ‘positive feedback’ with the other. Let them share the way our mood has improved.
And watch the entire group become more buoyant
If we have done our job well, collective efficacy and trust should have risen. And we all know that collective efficacy – our belief that our colleagues are competent – is the most powerful factor in raising school quality. It is bound to have the same impact in other circumstances.
Trust also creates upward positive feedback spirals. Though, we may need a lot when we start from a dark place.
What do you think?
- Are these the effective mechanisms for regaining resilience in desperate places?
- Are these effective mechanisms for encouraging people who really have few ways forward and little to push off from?
- Would these questions even help you in the day-to-day dispiriting trials of the western world – like getting stranded in an overcrowded airport?
- Are you able to try them out in the less-than-terrible conditions so that one day you can use them when life is truly terrible?
To recap:
L – Listen
G – Group
A – Act
G – Gratitude
E – Enjoy
I’ve been in UK for two years now and frankly, I find the HR documentation here well. . . what euphemism shall I use . . . undeveloped.
From time to time, I’ve been sufficiently unwise to comment – and these are the excuses I get, sometimes concurrently, a dazzling tightrope of logic.
Excuse 1 : We are too chaotic
Turnover is so high that we cannot keep up with the documentation. So we issue poor documentation or none at all.
Excuse 2: We are learning
Nobody knows what will be done in the job.
Excuse 3 : Not made here
This is the system we have worked out. That must count for something.
Excuse 4 : We can fudge it
Well, we will put in a clause “And any other task required by the Head of Department”. 90% of work comes under that clause.
Excuse 5 : If we are sufficiently muddled, we can shift the blame
I know I didn’t mention it but it is on page 56 or in the middle paragraph of an email addressed to someone else and copied to you.
Beginner’s dilemma
I remember years ago, one of my former students asked to see me at my house on a Saturday morning. He had been given a rough talking to be a line manager at work and he didn’t really understand what he was doing wrong. “I just took him some forms to fill in,” he said,”and the guy laid in to me”.
My reply was to ask whether he was a high-paid messenger boy. Did the organization need a graduate to move forms from one point in the organization to another?
What the organization needed was an intelligent, thoughtful, informed person to ask the line manager questions in the line manager’s language, translate into HR-speak, fill in the form and return it to the line manager for signing.
And the line manager should look at it and look up with a shine in his eyes, and say: “Oh, that’s what this is for!”
The line manager should feel that scales have fallen from their eyes. They should see the work they do as clearly as if someone wiped the mist off the mirror and they saw themselves for the first time.
Example of good work
This morning I stumbled over this excellent example of a job description, and given the quality of job descriptions that I am seeing daily, I thought it would be good to flag it up and link to it.
Job description of a website owner
It says clearly
- what the person’s day looks like
- what the job holder does
- the decisions they make
It says clearly how each task contributes to
- Work for the day
- Long term planning
Get the organization organized
And now you might say, I would like to but this place is just not that organized – the work changes from day-to-day.
Then that is your first job. To get it organized.
Actually, the organization is probably more organized than you think. Wipe the mist from the mirror and let them see themselves.
Just write down what they do all day and sort it out. It may take you a few hours but everything else in HR flows from there.
When the job description is clear, it is easy to
- communicate with job applicants
- select people who can and want to do the work (without discriminating)
- pay equitably
- train & develop
- coach & manage performance.
In short, you cannot do your job until you have worked out what people do on the job.
And writing it down allows us to check that we have a common understanding.
That is our job. To be the mirror of the organization so that we develop a common understanding and confidence in each other.
Collective efficacy, believing that the next person is competent, adds 10% to the value of an organization – and a 10% that cannot be copied by your competitor. No money in the world can buy collective efficacy. It comes from the continual work of developing confidence in each other.
And we cannot be confident of each other when we each have a different idea about what we are supposed to be doing.
It’s as simple as that.
How did the story end?
Well, my former student’s eyes lit up as the penny dropped. He went back to work and started delivering value to his line managers.
The firm did fold eventually (but not because of him). Indeed, they kept him on to manage the redundancies. When he was done, he joined Ernst & Young as a Consultant. Then he moved to a bank and after that he started his own firm of consultants.
I hope you enjoy the job description. It is a fine example of good work.
PS I’ll tell you where the 10% comes from if you want.
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